15 Equity-accounted investments and other equity investments

CHANGES IN EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER EQUITY INVESTMENTS IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2015
€ million	Equity-accounted investments	Other equity investments	Total

Gross carrying amount at Jan. 1, 2015	9,955	4,014	13,968
Foreign exchange differences	187	9	197
Changes in consolidated Group	–	−67	−67
Additions	740	253	993
Transfers	44	−44	–
Disposals	36	3,174	3,210
Changes recognized in profit or loss	4,386	–	4,386
Dividends	−4,683	–	−4,683
Other changes recognized in other comprehensive income	392	342	733
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	10,985	1,333	12,318
Impairment losses Balance at Jan. 1, 2015	80	331	411
Foreign exchange differences	1	−2	−2
Changes in consolidated Group	–	−3	−3
Additions	–	38	38
Transfers	–	–	–
Disposals	–	4	4
Reversal of impairment losses	–	0	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	81	358	439
Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2015	10,904	974	11,878

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CHANGES IN EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER EQUITY INVESTMENTS IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2016
€ million	Equity-accounted investments	Other equity investments	Total

Gross carrying amount at Jan. 1, 2016	10,985	1,333	12,318
Foreign exchange differences	−100	−1	−101
Changes in consolidated Group	−11	−103	−114
Additions	525	191	716
Transfers	–	–	–
Disposals	2,193	3	2,197
Changes recognized in profit or loss	3,250	–	3,250
Dividends	−3,598	–	−3,598
Other changes recognized in other comprehensive income	−131	–	−131
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	8,727	1,417	10,143
Impairment losses Balance at Jan. 1, 2016	81	358	439
Foreign exchange differences	−1	1	0
Changes in consolidated Group	–	−57	−57
Additions	30	120	150
Transfers	–	–	–
Disposals	–	1	1
Reversal of impairment losses	–	0	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	110	420	531
Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2016	8,616	996	9,613

Equity-accounted investments include joint ventures in the amount of €7,068 million (previous year: €9,546 million) and associates in the amount of €1,548 million (previous year: €1,358 million).

The additions of equity-accounted investments are mainly attributable to the acquisition of the investment in Gett in the amount of €0.3 billion (previous year: There Holding) and to the measurement of the shares in GMH at the selling price in the amount of €0.2 billion. The disposals in the current year are connected with the divestment of LeasePlan by GMH. In the previous year, the disposals of other equity investments were mainly the result of the sale of the Suzuki shares. Further details can be found in the disclosures in the section entitled “Basis of consolidation”.

Of the other changes recognized in other comprehensive income, €−132 million (previous year: €391 million) is attributable to joint ventures and €1 million (previous year: €1 million) to associates. They are mainly the result of foreign exchange differences in the amount of €−156 million (previous year: €393 million), pension plan remeasurements in the amount of €−1 million (previous year: €−8 million) and losses on the fair value measurement of cash flow hedges in the amount of €33 million (previous year: €6 million).

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15 Equity-accounted investments and other equity investments